Resection (LAR) Removal of rectal tumor with preservation of anal sphincter Anastomosis between remaining colon and anus Abdominoperineal Resection (APR) For low rectal cancers involving sphincters Creation of permanent
ometimes used for ambiguous cases Accurate staging guides the choice of neoadjuvant therapy, surgical planning, and prognosis. Surgery remains the cornerstone of rectal cancer treatment, but the techniques have evolved significantly, prioritizing complete oncologic resection with preservation of
ndications, and the nuances that define best practices in colorectal surgery. Introduction Colorectal surgery encompasses a broad spectrum of procedures tailored to treat benign and malignant diseases, inflammatory conditions, and traumatic injuries. The complexity of the colon an
