treaties

om traditional trade restrictions to treaty-based commerce. The impact of Western and Japanese trade policies on local economies. The strategic importance of ports like Shanghai, Tianjin, and Busan in imperial designs. Imperialism and the Erosion of Sovereignty Th

overnment in exchange for compensation, reservations, or other rights. Common features: Land exchanges for monetary compensation, goods, or services. Establishment of reservations as designated homelands. Often accom