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uity, historians also acknowledge the complexities and costs of the battle. Some critiques include: Overemphasis on national unity at the expense of recognizing divisions within Canada (e.g., differing opin

ire, and machine gun nests inflicted severe casualties. Challenging Terrain: Muddy, cratered ground made movement difficult and exhausting. Harsh Weather Conditions: Cold, rain, and fog hampered visibility and morale. Despite these hardships, the Canadian troops pressed on, demonstr